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Argentina–United States lemon dispute
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Argentina–United States lemon dispute : ウィキペディア英語版
Argentina–United States lemon dispute

The Argentina–United States lemon dispute was a World Trade Organization dispute settlement case (DS448) challenging U.S. import laws.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds448_e.htm )〕 On September 3, 2012, Argentina requested the assistance of the World Trade Organization in hosting consultations to discuss the United States procedures.〔 Argentine lemon imports have been banned by the United States for eleven years and they claim there is no scientific justification.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news12_e/ds448rfc_03sep12_e.htm )〕 Argentina asserts that the United States is trying to dismay the benefits of the current World Trade Agreements.〔
== The lemon industry ==

According to the Federation of American Scientists, the U.S. is the largest importer of lemons at 475,000 metric tons for 2011 to 2012.〔(【引用サイトリンク】first1=Ross )〕 Argentina is the producer of 1.0-1.5 MMT per year with 260,000 MT of sufficient quality to be sent to the fresh export market.〔 Argentina argues that since others import the fruit the United States, the largest importer of lemons, should follow the same procedure. "Argentine citrus is exported to destinations with very high health standards such as the Netherlands, Spain and Italy, which do not question the excellent quality of Argentine produce," the Argentine government said. The United States is concerned with two plant diseases, citrus variegated chlorosis and citrus greening that could hurt U.S. lemon production.〔
Recently, a 2014 study shows that Argentine lemons contained excessive imazalil pesticide residues. Imazalil is a systemic fungicide, which is used post-harvest on bananas, citrus and as a pre-planting seed treatment of barley and wheat.〔 The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classifies imazalil as a likely human carcinogen, but it is not generally considered to be a dietary risk.〔 The EPA allows for the presence of imazalil residue within certain tolerances in or on specific food commodities.〔
In 2011, U.S. imports of Argentine farm products topped $1.64 billion, while U.S. agricultural exports to Argentina totaled $154 million.〔 The United States is running a trade surplus or a positive balance of trade. The U.S. is more open to trade with Argentina because its exports exceed its imports.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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